Anti‐Mullerian Hormone Concentration and Antral Ovarian Follicle Population in Murrah Heifers Compared to Holstein and Gyr Kept Under the Same Management     

JM Baldrighi  MF Sá Filho  EOS Batista  RNVR Lopes  JA Visintin  PS Baruselli  MEOA Assumpção 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2014,49(6):1015-1020

This study was performed to evaluate plasma concentrations of anti‐Mullerian hormone (AMH) and the ovarian antral follicle population (AFP) in different genetic groups. Cyclic heifers (13 Bubalus bubalis [Murrah]; 15 Bos taurus [Holstein] and 10 Bos indicus [Gyr]) were maintained under the same management and were synchronized with two doses of 150 μg IM d‐cloprostenol administered 14 days apart. After the second d‐cloprostenol treatment, heifers had their ovaries scanned daily by ultrasound to define the day of ovulation. On the same day, the AFP was determined and a plasma sample was collected to measure AMH. Murrah heifers had less AFP (25.6 ± 2.1 follicles; p = 0.01) and plasma AMH concentration (0.18 ± 0.03 ng/ml; p < 0.001) than Gyr (60.0 ± 12.2 follicles and 0.60 ± 0.12 ng/ml of AMH); however, data were similar when compared to Holstein (35.9 ± 6.8 follicles and 0.24 ± 0.06 ng/ml of AMH) heifers. Regardless of genetic background, there was a positive relationship between the AFP and plasmatic AMH concentration (Murrah [r = 0.62; p < 0.01], Holstein [r = 0.66; p < 0.001] and Gyr [r = 0.88; p < 0.001]). Also, when heifers were classified according to high‐ or low‐AMH concentration based on the average within each genetic group, high‐AMH heifers had greater (p < 0.0001) AFP than low‐AMH heifers. In conclusion, both Murrah and Holstein heifers presented lower plasma AMH concentration and AFP when compared to Gyr.  相似文献   

Effect of Overnight Staining on the Quality of Flow Cytometric Sorted Stallion Sperm: Comparison with Tradtitional Protocols     

CM Balao da Silva  C Ortega Ferrusola  JM Gallardo Bolaños  M Plaza Dávila  P Martín‐Muñoz  JM Morrell  H Rodriguez Martínez  FJ Peña 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2014,49(6):1021-1027

Flow cytometry is considered the only reliable method for the separation of X and Y chromosome bearing spermatozoa in equines. The MoFlo SX DP sorter is highly efficient, allowing the production of foals of the desired sex. However, to achieve acceptable pregnancy rates the currently used protocol requires working with fresh semen obtained close to, or at, the sorting facility. An alternative protocol was tested during two consecutive breeding seasons. Fresh stallion semen was cooled for 20 h, during which staining with Hoechst 33342 took place. On the following day, this sample was flow sorted and compared with spermatozoa from the same ejaculate that had been sexed on the previous day. All sperm parameters evaluated remained unchanged when fresh sorted and refrigerated sorted semen were compared. Pre‐sorting storage at 5°C did not alter sperm velocities nor kinetics, viability or membrane permeability, production of reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial membrane potential or DNA fragmentation index of the sorted sample. The findings open for the possibility of using semen from stallions housed far from the sorting facilities. Processed and stained sperm could be shipped refrigerated on the previous day, sorted and inseminated on the next day.  相似文献   

Standing Laparoscopic Peritoneal Flap Hernioplasty of the Vaginal Rings does not Modify the Sperm Production and Motility Characteristics in Intact Male Horses     

LA Gracia‐Calvo  LJ Ezquerra  M Martín‐Cuervo  ME Durán  H Tapio  JM Gallardo  FJ Peña  C Ortega‐Ferrusola 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2014,49(6):1043-1048

Laparoscopic hernioplasty techniques have been developed in the recent years to avoid the recurrence of inguinal hernias and to spare the testicles for breeding purposes in stallions. However, there have been no previous comprehensive and systematic studies of the reproductive outcomes and prognoses for stallions after inguinal hernioplasty. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the possible effects of one of these techniques (standing laparoscopic peritoneal flap hernioplasty) on the sperm production and motility characteristics of six healthy stallions that received this procedure based on 1‐year follow‐ups. There were no significant differences in the measured sperm variables (assessments based on the DSO, MOT, PMOT, VSL, VCL and VAP) during 1‐year follow‐ups.  相似文献   

Changes in Bull Sperm Kinematics after Single Layer Centrifugation     

Y Yulnawati  MC Abraham  D Laskowski  A Johannisson  JM Morrell 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2014,49(6):954-956

The objective of this study was to evaluate bull sperm kinematics after centrifugation through a single layer of a colloid [Single Layer Centrifugation (SLC)]. Ejaculates from 20 bulls were extended and stored at 4–6°C for 24 h during transport to the laboratory for SLC through Androcoll‐B, followed by measurement of sperm kinematics in all samples. Total motility (86% and 88% for uncentrifuged and SLC samples, respectively) and progressive motility (84% for both the groups) were similar (p > 0.05). In contrast, straightness (STR) (0.65 vs 0.69), linearity (LIN) (0.32 vs 0.35) and beat cross frequency (BCF) (22.3 vs 23.6 Hz) were significantly higher in the SLC‐selected samples than in the uncentrifuged samples, whereas velocity of the average path (VAP) (95 vs 90 μm/s), curvilinear velocity (VCL) (192 vs 180 μm/s), amplitude of lateral head deviation (ALH) (7 μm vs 6.5 μm) and hypermotility (49% vs 38%) were significantly decreased. The kinematics of the samples with the poorest motility was improved most by SLC. In conclusion, even though SLC had no direct effect on total and progressive motility, it appeared to have a positive influence on several other kinematic parameters that may be important for fertilization after artificial insemination.  相似文献   

Plasma indicators of muscle damage in a model of nutritional myopathy in weaner sheep     

GM SMITH  JM FRY  JG ALLEN  ND COSTA† 《Australian veterinary journal》1994,71(1):12-17

SUMMARY Subclinical nutritional myopathy was induced in 5-month-old sheep by feeding them a diet low in vitamin E and selenium. Subsequently clinical myopathy was induced by dosing with protected polyunsaturated fatty acids. Plasma activities of creatine kinase (CK), pyruvate kinase, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase and aldolase, enzymes of muscle origin, all remained above their reference ranges in clinically affected sheep, but fluctuated widely. Similar fluctuations occurred in subclinically affected animals, resulting in some activities being within the reference ranges and some above, at different times. Plasma malondialdehyde, an indicator of lipid peroxidation, proved of no diagnostic value. Terminal plasma CK activities were significantly correlated with microscopic damage in the vastus lateralis (VL), but not the vastus intermedius (VI) or the tensor fascia lata (TFL) muscles. AST was the most highly correlated with damage in VI and VL. In two clinically affected sheep successfully treated with an oral dose of α-tocopherol actetate all enzymes decreased steadily to within their reference ranges, at rates probably related to their plasma half-lives. These results suggest that measurement of plasma CK activity would be useful in monitoring recovery of treated sheep.  相似文献   

Further investigation of lead exposure as a potential threatening process for a scavenging marsupial species     

DJ Hutchinson  EM Jones  JM Pay  JR Clarke  MT Lohr  JO Hampton 《Australian veterinary journal》2023,101(8):313-319

There is a growing recognition of the harmful effects of lead exposure on avian and mammalian scavengers. This can lead to both lethal and non-lethal effects which may negatively impact wildlife populations. Our objective was to assess medium-term lead exposure in wild Tasmanian devils (Sarcophilus harrisii). Frozen liver samples (n = 41), opportunistically collected in 2017–2022, were analysed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to determine liver lead concentrations. These results were then used to calculate the proportion of animals with elevated lead levels (>5 mg/kg dry weight) and examine the role of explanatory variables that may have influenced the results. The majority of samples analysed were from the south-east corner of Tasmania, within 50 km of Hobart. No Tasmanian devil samples were found to have elevated lead levels. The median liver lead concentration was 0.17 mg/kg (range 0.05–1.32 mg/kg). Female devils were found to have significantly higher liver lead concentrations than males (P = 0.013), which was likely related to lactation, but other variables (age, location, body mass) were not significant. These results suggest that wild Tasmanian devil populations currently show minimal medium-term evidence of exposure to lead pollution, although samples were concentrated in peri-urban areas. The results provide a baseline level which can be used to assess the impact of any future changes in lead use in Tasmania. Furthermore, these data can be used as a comparison for lead exposure studies in other mammalian scavengers, including other carnivorous marsupial species.  相似文献   

Meningoencephalomyelitis in a foal due to Salmonella agona infection     

JC Patterson-Kane  FT Bain  JM Donahue  LR Harrison 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(4):159-161

CASE HISTORY: A neonatal Thoroughbred foal was presented with rib fractures and left forelimb lameness secondary to dystocia.

CLINICAL FINDINGS: The foal developed a head tilt, seizures and watery diarrhoea during hospitalisation and died at 7 days of age. Histological examination of the brain and spinal cord revealed a suppurative meningoencephalomyelitis with vasculitis, and numerous intralesional, gram-negative bacilli. Similar microscopic lesions were noted in the lungs, renal medullary interstitium, and umbilicus. Bacilli in the brain, spinal cord and umbilicus were identified immunohistochemically as Salmonella group B. Salmonella agona was isolated in pure culture from the brain, lung, liver, kidney, and intestine.

CONCLUSION: This is the first report of meningoencephalomyelitis and septicaemia due to Salmonella infection in an equine neonate.  相似文献   

Listeria monocytogenes gastroenteritis in sheep     

RG Clark  JM Gill  S Swanney 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(1):46-47

Extract

Listeria monocytogenes is widely distributed in the environment of farm animals. It is found in soil, faeces and nasal secretions of healthy animals, water troughs and animal feeds. Under certain conditions it becomes pathogenic, causing serious disease in cattle and sheep. Most commonly it causes meningoencephalitis but, on occasion, septicaemic listeriosis results in abortion, and more recently it has been associated with gastroenteritis.  相似文献   

Cat admissions to RSPCA shelters in Queensland,Australia: description of cats and risk factors for euthanasia after entry     

C Alberthsen  JS Rand  PC Bennett  M Paterson  M Lawrie  JM Morton 《Australian veterinary journal》2013,91(1-2):35-42

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Capacity building: benchmark for production of meat with low levels of bacterial contamination in local slaughterhouses in Somaliland     

Wamalwa K  Castiello M  Ombui JN  Gathuma J 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(3):427-433

The objective of the study was to investigate and assess the impact of trainings on the levels of meat contamination produced from local livestock slaughter facilities in the North-West region of Somalia (Somaliland). The investigation considered slaughter facilities where workers had been trained or not. The survey was carried out in four local slaughter facilities. A pre-tested questionnaire on abattoir hygiene and food safety standards was administered to International Aid Organizations, government officials, abattoir workers and supervisors. In addition, a total of 320 surface meat swab samples were collected from randomly selected small ruminant carcasses slaughtered from four purposefully selected local slaughter facilities. The samples were analyzed at Analabs laboratories in Nairobi, Kenya, for total viable counts, total coliforms count and presence of Salmonella species. Meat contamination risk factors associated with hygiene practices based on training offered or not was identified. It was noted that slaughter facilities where abattoir workers had not received trainings on minimum meat hygiene standards and quality assurance systems of good hygiene practices and sanitary standard operating procedures produced carcasses with high levels of bacterial contamination in comparison with those where workers had received the said trainings. The laboratory results were in agreement with poor hygiene meat handling practices and lack of compliance with minimum meat hygiene and food safety standards in Berbera and Burao local livestock slaughter facilities where personnel had not been trained.  相似文献